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                <text>Auguste Rodin is arguably one of the most influential artists of the modern age, and produced a vast array of sculptures in plaster, marble, and bronze, as well as many drawings. His works are known for championing the ruggedness, strength, and materiality of the human body and the powerful emotions to which it is subject. Rodin was awarded numerous public commissions in France in the late nineteenth century, and took up subjects ranging from portraits of notable men, such as the writer Honoré de Balzac, to those inspired from biblical or classical events.&#13;
&#13;
This powerfully emotional work displays the vulnerability of its protagonist, a young man who kneels on a massive rock, torso uncomfortably angled, head thrown back and arms outstretched. His face, with open mouth, is similar to that in numerous other works by the artist that express sorrow, longing, or fear. The prodigal son, from a biblical parable, leaves his family and returns destitute, pleading for mercy and forgiveness. His despair, energy, and pentup feelings are fully expressed in Rodin's work.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/id/6928"&gt;Allen Memorial Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;span&gt;R. T. Miller Jr. Fund&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>c. 1905</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="805">
                <text>Alexis Reed</text>
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                <text>Bronze with dark green patina&#13;
Overall: 54 1/4 × 26 × 27 in. (137.8 × 66 × 68.6 cm)</text>
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                <text>Sculpture</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1150">
                <text>1955.32</text>
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                <text>The Rape of Persephone</text>
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                <text>This painting, together with Rothko's "The Syrian Bull," was exhibited in 1943 at the Third Annual Exhibition of Modern Painters and Sculptors at Wildenstein Gallery in New York City, where they attracted the attention of Edward Alden Jewell of the New York Times. Jewell singled them out as incomprehensible in a review in that paper, writing, "You will have to make of Marcus Rothko's 'The Syrian Bull' what you can; nor is this department prepared to shed the slightest enlightenment when it comes to Adolph Gottlieb's 'Rape of Persephone.' "&#13;
&#13;
Both paintings show the influence of European surrealism, the dominant aesthetic of the day. Rothko's work prefigures his later Color Field paintings, in its glowing colors, rectilinear organization, and ambiguous forms, while Gottlieb's is clearly part of his use of what he called "pictographs": flat forms, often floating on an undefined background, and influenced by tribal and archaic art.&#13;
&#13;
Gottlieb and Rothko asked their friend Barnett Newman to assist them in responding to Jewell's review; their letter was published on June 13, 1943. It is a compendium of the principles under which the artists would work for much of the decade, and effectively laid out a first manifesto relating to the painting of the nascent New York School, which developed into Abstract Expressionism. They declared that abstract forms are the "simple expression of the complex thought," their commitment to "subject matter which is tragic and timeless," their "spiritual kinship with primitive and archaic art," and that the meaning of a painting must come about through a "consummated experience between picture and onlooker."&#13;
&#13;
For his assistance in crafting the response, Gottlieb and Rothko gave their paintings to Newman, whose wife Annalee Newman subsequently donated them to the AMAM in honor of Professor Ellen Johnson. Johnson's relationships with many New York artists, particularly in the 1960s and '70s, were fundamental for the enlargement and quality of the AMAM's late twentieth century art collection.</text>
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                <text>Adolph Gottlieb&#13;
American, 1903–1974</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/id/11918"&gt;Allen Memorial Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Gift of Annalee Newman in honor of Ellen H. Johnson&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1943</text>
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                <text>Alexis Reed</text>
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                <text>Oil on canvas&#13;
Overall: 34 3/16 × 26 1/8 in. (86.8 × 66.4 cm) Frame: 41 1/4 × 33 1/4 × 1 5/8 in. (104.8 × 84.5 × 4.1 cm)</text>
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                <text>Painting</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1154">
                <text>Adolph and Esther Gottlieb Foundation / Visual Artists and Galleries Association (VAGA), New York, NY</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1155">
                <text>1991.41.2</text>
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                <text>The Stigmatization of St. Francis</text>
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                <text>An exceptional colorist and the most sensitive of draftsmen, Barocci executed only a few prints. Not surprisingly, his approach to printmaking was quite painterly. Here he creates an atmospheric representation of Saint Francis receiving the stigmata while praying in the hills above Assisi. Through a judicious application of both etching and engraving—an innovative combination at the time—Barocci translates the saint’s ecstasy into a physical haze of natural forms in the background that fade away from Francis’s more strongly delineated figure. Through masterful handling of the medium, Barocci conveys the intensity and wonder of the saint’s experience.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Federico Barocci&#13;
Italian, ca. 1535–1612</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="811">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/id/1881"&gt;Allen Memorial Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Gift of Parks and Christie Campbell&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="813">
                <text>ca. 1581</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Alexis Reed</text>
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                <text>Etching and engraving&#13;
Overall: 9 × 5 13/16 in. (22.9 × 14.8 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1151">
                <text>1983.32</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1461">
                <text>The Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1462">
                <text>Faith Ringgold (American, b. 1930)</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1463">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/id/6577"&gt;The Allen Memorial Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Paul B. Arnold</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1996</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1516">
                <text>Color lithograph&#13;
Overall: 22 1/2 × 30 in. (57.2 × 76.2 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1517">
                <text>1996.21</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1542">
                <text>copyright: Faith Ringgold</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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