Relationships from far apart

In addition to creating opportunities to give and to receive support, as well as to feel validated and to have a sense of belonging, relationships typically involve affiliative touch. Affiliative touch promotes the release of the social-bonding hormone oxytocin and dampens cardiovascular and endocrine responses to stress (for recent, illustrative reviews, see Jablonski, 2020; Sharma et al., 2020; and Walker et al., 2017).

Affiliative touch likely would be scant or absent in a long-distance relationship.  Does such a relationship nonetheless offer benefits?

Beginning with the stressors faced by medical trainees and the commonness of their being geographically separated from a romantic partner, Guldner (2001) reviews challenges and benefits of maintaining long-distance relationships, as well as strategies for doing so [Goldsmith and Byers (2020) offer additional strategies]. Guldner highlights the reduction in stress that comes as a benefit of the emotional intimacy associated with any healthy romantic relationship. The author also mentions that college students in long-distance relationships tend to get more sleep and have more free time than their peers in more traditional relationships. The physiological toll of insufficient sleep -- from fatigue and mood impairment to cardiovascular and metabolic disease -- is gaining clarity (for example, see review by Grandner, 2020). Thus, although presenting challenges due to geographical separation, long-distance relationships carry some unexpected benefits. 

. . . . . . . .  these soft 

nights hold me like themselves aloft

and I lie without a lover.

Summer, 1909

~Ranier Maria Rilke (1975)

Works Cited

Goldmsith, K., & Byers, E.S. (2020) Maintaining long-distance relationships: comparison to geographically close relationships. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 35: 338-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2018.1527027

Grandner, M.A. (2020) Sleep, health, and society.  Sleep Medicine Clinics 15: 319-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.017

Guldner, G.T. (2001). Long-distance relationships and emergency medicine residency. Annals of Emergency Medicine 37 (1): 103-106. https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.371103

Jablonski, N.G. (2020) Social and affective touch in primates and its role of skin in the evolution of social cohesion. Neuroscience, in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.024

Rilke, R.M. (1975) Rilke on Love and Other Difficulties. Translated by John J. L. Mood, W.W. Norton & Company.

Sharma, S.R., Gonda, X., Dome, P., & Tarazi, F.I. (2020) What's love got to do with it: Role of oxytocin in trauma, attachment and resilience. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 214: 107602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107602

Walker, S.C., Trotter, P.D., Swaney, W.T., Marshall, A., McGlone, F.P. (2017) C-tactile afferents: Cutaneous mediators of oxytocin release during affiliative tactile interactions? Neuropeptides 64: 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2017.01.001

Relationships from far apart